Advertisement

There aren’t enough batteries to electrify all cars – focus on trucks and buses instead

We will not be able to electrify all of our transportation in the timeframe necessary to deal with climate change, writes Cameron Roberts, a researcher in sustainable transportation, Carleton University, Ottowa.

We need to change our transportation system, and we need to do it quickly.

Road transportation is a major consumer of fossil fuels, contributing 16% of all human-caused greenhouse gas emissions, which warm up the Earth’s atmosphere and cause changes to the climate.

It also pollutes the air, threatening health and costing taxpayers billions of pounds annually.

At the same time, electric vehicles (EVs) are getting cheaper, and vehicle range and the availability of charging stations are improving.

This is exciting for many because it seems to suggest an easy and convenient answer to the problem of transportation emissions: if everyone swapped their fossil-fuelled vehicle for an electric equivalent, we could all keep driving, safe in the knowledge that we are no longer killing the planet by doing so – and all while enjoying a new car that is quiet, cheap to power and fun to drive.

Everybody wins, right? Unfortunately, it’s unlikely to be that simple.

The battery supply crunch

EVs still produce air pollution and greenhouse gases from their brakes, tires, the electricity that powers them and the factories that build them.

Even if we can address (or ignore) these problems, there is a much larger stumbling block facing personal EVs as a solution for climate change.

In 2019, the world produced about 160-gigawatt hours (GWh) of lithium-ion batteries. That’s enough for a little more than three million standard-range Tesla Model 3s – and only if we use those batteries for cars, and don’t build any smart-phones, laptops or grid storage facilities.

The battery production capacity currently under construction will allow the production of the equivalent of 40 million EVs annually by 2028, according to one estimate.

Battery production could increase to cover 40 million electric vehicles annually by 2028, but there are over one billion vehicles on roads today. 

That sounds like a lot until you see that the world produced nearly 100 million cars, vans, buses and trucks in 2019 alone.

There are around 1.4 billion motor vehicles in the world today – a number that will almost certainly continue to increase if we don’t take major steps to shift transportation onto other modes.

Even at the projected 2028 level of battery production capacity, it would take us 35 years to replace this global vehicle fleet with electric models. That’s not nearly fast enough to avoid the worst consequences of climate change.

Maximizing climate impact

The unavoidable conclusion is that we will not be able to electrify all of our transportation in the timeframe necessary to deal with climate change. Some journeys will have to be decarbonized through other means, such as cycling, walking, public transit or telecommuting.

Lithium-ion batteries should, therefore, go primarily to vehicles intended for long distances or large cargo loads.

Garbage trucks, buses, pickup trucks used by skilled tradespeople to get to job sites and the van that delivers your Amazon purchases are all prime candidates for electrification.

That Nissan Leaf you’ve been eyeing, unfortunately, is not. You can probably travel on a bicycle or a city bus much more easily than a truckload of power tools, parcels or municipal waste can.

A win-win scenario

There are a lot of side benefits to focusing on commercial vehicles for electrification. Currently, these vehicles often burn diesel, which produces 100 times more particulate pollution than gasoline vehicles.

Diesel vehicles were responsible for approximately 83% of all deaths due to air pollution from road vehicles in 2015, according to the World Health Organization. Diesel freight vehicles also tend to be noisy – a problem that is almost entirely eliminated by going electric.

Replacing diesel-powered transport trucks with electric ones could cut noise, air pollution and carbon emissions. 

There’s no way around it: We need fewer cars

As for the rest of us, the solution to zero-carbon mobility looks much more like a bike, a bus seat, a home office, a mobility scooter or a well-worn pair of shoes than a shiny new Tesla.

Some of these solutions can still take advantage of electric mobility without straining the global battery budget. With just over five per cent of 2019’s lithium-ion battery production, for example, there would be enough batteries to provide an Urban Machina electric scooter to every Canadian.

There is already talk of a federal government bail-out of the Canadian car industry, with stakeholders suggesting that this could be an opportunity to encourage the development of electric vehicle production in Canada.

If the government wants to do this in a way that has the greatest impact on the climate, it should look beyond supporting fancy personal vehicles, and turn its attention instead to the unglamorous workhorses that make our society function.

Photo Credit – Pixabay 

Comments

Subscribe
Notify of
guest
2 Comments
Newest
Oldest Most Voted
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments
Stefan Robert
Stefan Robert
3 years ago

Without any doubt, diesel vehicles are mainly responsible for air pollution. Diesel vehicles were responsible for approximately 83% of all deaths due to air pollution from road vehicles in 2015.

JOHN EMMONS
JOHN EMMONS
4 years ago

Yeah, that’s is a significant step to make the make environment cleaner and healthy for humans and all other creatures.
JOHN EMMONS

Help us break the news – share your information, opinion or analysis
Back to top